Family Practices Essay Example for Free

Family Practices Essay Parents have the big responsibility of rearing their children in the best way they can. They have a lot of investment towards their children to bring them up in the most righteous way. Parents impart knowledge, values and even some of their known practices which they grew up with. There are so many common practices imparted to us by our parents. These practices revolve maybe on simple things such as eating together during dinner and saying a prayer before we sleep. Our family believes in the power of herbal medicine that would be able to heal our illnesses. Herbal medicines are kind of medicines that come from plants (Bupa’s Health Information Team, 2007). An herb is a plant that is commonly used because of its flavor, scent and medicinal properties. Many of these herbs are processed and are available in the market is various forms such as tablets, capsules, teas, etc. but there are still some herbal medicine that may cause threat is people’s health. Some may cause health problems and some may not interact well with other drugs (â€Å"Herbal Medicine†, 2009). The Western hemisphere has long abandoned the used of the herbal medicines due to the advancement of technology and healthcare that is able to provide a single medicine that will cure illnesses. Many people, professional and lay individuals, do not know that plants may be able to provide useful health benefits. The benefits of the plants are in the form of alternative and complementary medicines and many people consider it as irrelevant part of folk times (Ernst, 2000). This nontraditional health practice has been passed on my family through generations. Not only able to preserve our family solidarity but our health as well. References Bupa’s Health Information Team. (2007, August). Herbal Medicine. Bupa. Retrieved January 20, 2009 from http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/html/herbal_medicine.html. Ernst, E. (2000). Herbal Medicine: A Concise Overview for Professionals. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Herbal Medicine. (2009, January 13). Medline Plus. Retrieved January 20, 2009 from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/herbalmedicine.html.

Essay --

With the development of technologies, Cyber Attacks have been increased rapidly in the past few years. Probability of causing damage to critical state infrastructure like nuclear or defense system, air traffic control, other governmental institutions, business and citizens leads to the problematic issue of its attribution, which is being highly debated in international Law. This Article by Nicholas Tsagourias makes contribution in that debate and revolves around the question of ascription of cyber-attacks as an armed attack and the right of self defense by the victim state in response to such attacks. However, the law of war requires that the cyber-attack must be attributed before a counterattack is permitted. This Article critically evaluates different obstacles of attribution like anonymity (determination of attacker’s identity), attack from different jurisdictions, and presentation of evidence in order to exercise the right of self defense by throwing the light on various political, technical and legal aspects. Context Article 51 preserves the "right of individual or collective self defense if an armed attack occurs..." Therefore, the right of self defense can be exercised when an issue becomes complicated and reaches to a particular level of intensity between states or a state and organized and identified group, which may result into injuries of individuals and destruction of objects and properties. But in cyber-attack, chances are less to cause immediate human injuries. The author of the article provides brief detail on some important issues for example how to deal with a cyber-attack by a non-state actor. So this essay emphasizes that Cyber warfare laws require more development and a proper framework because states may fea... ... the response of armed attack, Burdon of proof and the state control over its entities. International Court of Justice in Nicaragua Cas holds that a state is liable for the actions of â€Å"paramilitaries or non-State actors only if the actors in question act in ‘complete dependence’ on the state. Whereas the opposing â€Å"overall control† standard set forth in Prosecutor v. Tadic which holds that â€Å"where a State has a role in organizing, coordinating, and providing support for a group, the group’s acts are attributable to the State. International Law has different view on burden of proof. ICJ has made criticism on the concept of overall control because there was no effective control by the Serbian government over the acts took place. Its finding regarding the culpability of Serbia was, Serbia’s guilt must be proven beyond any doubt, rather than beyond a reasonable doubt.

Language, Gender, and Slang

If the feminist critique of language is correct, and much of language reflects and embodies masculine and male experience (Cameron 1998, 9), then it should come as no surprise that slang, which is one particular mode of language, should reflect the same masculine and male experience.   However, it seems that little quantitative research had been done on slang directly until relatively recently. The first study was Kutner and Brogan’s research (1974), just over 30 years ago.   The object of this study is to test my peer’s knowledge of slang, and how aware they are of its usage.   One of the common ideas about slang is that slang words change fast, from generation to another;   the other is that slang is not mainstream. But where it comes to gender and slang, slang words have proven rather stable and common, even the vulgar slang – being a virgin or a whore has had meaning since time immemorial.But first, I will define slang and give a little bit of backgro und about its study since the 1970’s. What is slang?   Slang refers to worlds and dialects that are not used in mainstream culture.   As such, it can be the marker of a subculture, or of areas of discourse or ideas that are taboo in mainstream thinking.   A subset of slang are what we normally take to be slang, namely vulgar, sexualized, or derogatory language.   For the purposes of this paper, we will focus on slang that has a particularly gendered aspect – that is, words that are used to designate â€Å"male† and â€Å"female† genders in slang language.   These slang words include, but are not limited to: Chick, bitch, babe, and guy, dude, and stud. The fact that these slang words are common where it comes to talking about the relationships between the sexes, on topics such as sexual attraction and gender relations (activities and relationships).According to Flexher (1975), who produced the first dictionary of slang, the use of slang and the c reation of new slang is almost exclusively the purview of males (xii).   Women tend to use the language that is invented for them by males.   This may account for the disbalance of terms in a gendered distribution:   there are more slang terms to designate female or feminine behaviors, and more of these terms are negative, and much more negative than its male/masculine counterpart:   for example, compare bitch and asshole.   First off, you would almost never call a man a bitch unless you were trying to feminize him, but you can call women assholes without masculinizing them.   Second, bitch has a more negative charge than asshole, which might even carry a positive charge.   These are just some informal observations that may or may not holdup under the scrutiny of a quantitative study.Males may use slang more because they are more at home in all of language, and so this violation of language norms becomes possible.   There is a sense in which the use of slang is a dar ing thing to do, and doing brave things is consistent with masculine patterns of behavior and development.   Young women tend to want to abide by the rule, be these rules linguistic or otherwise.   That they are already not wholly at home in language means that they already risk not communicating, which does not afford them the room to play with language in the daring way that slang demands.   In this same vein, the use of profane language is more expected and praised of boys and men than it is of girls and women.These ideas, which could be summarized as the general thesis that gender slang is the domain of males is one that has come to be evidenced and accepted by many scholars, women, men, feminist and not, since the 1970’s.   For example, one study quoted in the text (Stanley, 1977) found that whereas there were 220 ways to designate woman in English slang, there were only 22 comparable ways to designate men.   More interesting is that both men and women share th e use of these same terms – there are not two set of slang terms, each appropriate for each gender, but only one that is determined and reflect men’s experience.   This has lead some feminists to argue that women need to develop and independent lexicon (see Irigaray in the Cameron, 1998).   And while this disparity is completely obvious once you start to think about it and investigate language and slang use, it seems to be rather transparent to the everyday language user – or at least, this is what this project has set out to test.BibliographyCameron, Deborah.   (1998) The Feminist Critique of Language.   New York, Routledge.de Klerk, V. (1992). How taboo are taboo words for girls? Language in Society, 21, 277-289.Eckert and McConnell-Ginet. (2003)   Language and Gender.   New York:   Cambridge University Press.Flexner, S. B. (1975). Preface to the dictionary of American slang. In H. Wentworth & S. B. Flexner (Eds.), Dictionary of American slang. N ew York: Thomas Y. Crowell.Kutner, N. G., & Brogan, D. (1974). An investigation of sex-related slang vocabulary and sex-role orientation among male and female university students. J of Marr and the Family, 36, 474-484.Risch, B. (1987). Women's derogatory terms for men: That's right, â€Å"dirty† words. Language in Society, 16, 353-358.

Middle East History